Why are recurrences possible and how can they be prevented?
Varicose veins (varicosis) are one of the most common venous diseases worldwide and affect millions of people. Thanks to modern treatment methods such as VenaSeal (vein glue), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), they can now be treated effectively. Nevertheless, some patients report the recurrence of varicose veins after successful treatment – a phenomenon known as recurrence.
In this article, you will learn why varicose veins can recur, what factors increase the risk and how to minimize recurrences through holistic prevention with lifestyle changes, red light therapy, optimized exercise, sleep and aftercare.
Why can varicose veins come back?
The recurrence of varicose veins is a complex problem that is influenced by several factors.
1. genetic predisposition
Genetic factors play a decisive role in the development and recurrence of varicose veins. Studies, including that by Cornu-Thenard et al. (1994), have shown that patients with a family history of varicose veins have an up to 90 % higher risk of developing or recurring varicose veins.
The genetic predisposition often affects the structure of the vein walls and the function of the venous valves. Weak or incompletely closing valves cannot effectively prevent the backflow of blood, which leads to the formation of new varicose veins. Even with successful treatment, the basic genetic susceptibility remains, which is why affected patients should pay particular attention to preventive measures.
2. progressive chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)
Varicose veins are often a symptom of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), which progresses in many cases. Even if individual veins have been successfully treated, other vein sections can become weakened over time. A long-term study by Zamboni et al. (2000) shows that patients with untreated CVI have a higher recurrence rate.
The chronic strain on the vein walls due to increased pressure and impaired blood circulation promotes the development of new varicose veins, especially in previously inconspicuous veins.
3. untreated side branches or hidden veins
During the initial treatment, the focus is often on the main trunk veins, which are responsible for the visible varicose veins. Smaller side branches or hidden veins that appear unproblematic at this stage can later become enlarged and cause new varicose veins.
A study by Labropoulos et al. (2006) showed that 20 % of recurrences are caused by untreated perforating veins and side branches. This illustrates the importance of comprehensive diagnostics prior to treatment.
4. hormonal influences and pregnancy
Hormonal changes, especially during pregnancy, contraceptives or the menopause, increase the risk of varicose veins. During pregnancy, the increased blood volume and the pressure of the uterus on the pelvic veins leads to a strain on the leg veins.
Kanavos et al. (2012) found that women with multiple pregnancies have twice the risk of recurrence compared to women without pregnancies.
5. age and natural degeneration of the veins
With increasing age, the veins lose elasticity and the valve function decreases. According to Gloviczki et al. (2011), older patients have a significantly higher recurrence rate, as the venous changes progress with age.
6. lifestyle factors
An inactive lifestyle, prolonged sitting or standing and obesity put considerable strain on the veins. A study by Van Rij et al. (2008) found that sedentary activities can increase the risk of recurrence by 25%.
7. incomplete or incorrect treatment
The experience of the doctor and the choice of treatment method play an important role. Sections of vein that are not completely closed or removed can lead to problems later on.
How can varicose veins be avoided?
1. aftercare and compression therapy
Regular check-ups after treatment are crucial in order to detect recurrences at an early stage. Compression stockings have been shown to improve venous return and reduce pressure in the leg veins. A study by Partsch et al. (2004) showed that compression stockings alleviate symptoms and reduce the recurrence rate.
2. lifestyle and exercise
A healthy lifestyle is the basis for effective prevention.
Sports to promote vein health:
- Swimming: The water exerts even pressure on the legs and relieves pressure on the veins. According to Dunn et al. (2010), swimming significantly improves venous return.
- Cycling: Promotes blood circulation without high stress on the joints.
- Yoga: According to Telles et al. (2014), yoga improves blood circulation, reduces stress and strengthens the muscle pump.
- Going for a walk: Regular exercise activates the calf muscle pump and improves blood circulation.
3. nutrition
A healthy diet contributes significantly to vein health:
- Fiber: Avoid constipation, which increases pressure on the veins.
- Vitamin C and flavonoids: Promote collagen formation and strengthen the vein walls (Cesarone et al., 2005).
- Omega-3 fatty acids: Anti-inflammatory effect, e.g. in fish and nuts.
4. weight control
Being overweight significantly increases the pressure on the leg veins. Meissner et al. (2007) found that obesity doubles the recurrence rate.
5. leg positioning and breaks in everyday life
- Correct positioning of the legs and regular breaks can promote blood circulation and reduce pressure in the veins.
- Put your legs up:
- According to Bradbury et al (1999), elevating the legs improves venous return by up to 30%.
Movement in everyday life:
- Foot circles, toe bouncing and light leg lifts while sitting improve circulation.
- Stand up every 30 minutes if you have to sit for long periods, e.g. in the office or when traveling.
6. sleep and regeneration
A good night’s sleep is crucial for the regeneration of the venous system.
- Optimal sleeping position:
Sleep in a supine position with your legs slightly elevated to promote venous return. This was demonstrated in a study by Takase et al. (2010).
- Sleep hygiene:
Darken the bedroom and avoid caffeinated drinks in the evening. Rituals such as a warm bath or relaxation exercises before going to bed promote blood circulation.
Red light therapy: an innovative method
Red light therapy is an up-and-coming method for strengthening the vein walls and promoting collagen formation.
Mechanism of action
Red light stimulates the mitochondria, the power plants of the cells, which stimulates collagen production. This improves the elasticity of the veins and reduces inflammation.
Study results
Chung et al. (2012) found that red light improves microcirculation and has an anti-inflammatory effect. Moini et al. (2016) showed that regular red light therapy increases collagen production by up to 25 %.
Application
Sessions of 15-20 minutes, once or twice a week, are sufficient to achieve lasting effects.
Conclusion: A holistic approach against recurrences
Varicose veins can return despite modern treatment methods. However, a combination of medical aftercare, lifestyle changes, targeted exercise, red light therapy and sleep optimization can significantly reduce the risk of recurrence.
VenaZiel supports you with state-of-the-art treatment methods and comprehensive prevention. Make an appointment to develop your individual strategy – for healthy legs for a lifetime.
