Haemorrhoids are one of the most common complaints in the anal area, but many sufferers know little about the causes, symptoms and modern treatment options. This is not only a medical issue, but also a social issue that is affecting more and more people. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent the progression of symptoms and significantly improve quality of life. In this article, you will learn how to recognize typical symptoms, what treatment options are available – including the innovative Rafaelo method – and what preventive measures can help.

What are hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are a natural part of the human body. These vascular cushions in the anal canal play an important role in the fine sealing of the sphincter muscle and enable complete control of bowel movements. It is only when these vascular cushions become enlarged that symptoms known as haemorrhoidal disease occur.

According to a study in the World Journal of Gastroenterology (2021), over 50% of people will develop symptoms related to enlarged hemorrhoids during their lifetime. In addition to age-related changes, various lifestyle factors, such as a low-fiber diet or lack of exercise, can contribute to the development.

Symptoms: How do I recognize haemorrhoids?

The symptoms vary depending on the severity and stage of the hemorrhoidal disease. Common signs are

• Itching and burning:

A typical early symptom caused by mucus secretions or irritation of the sensitive skin in the anal area. According to a review by Riss et al. (2012), up to 60% of those affected report itching.

• Bleeding during bowel movements:

Fresh, bright red blood on toilet paper or in the stool often indicates enlarged hemorrhoids. A systematic review by Alonso-Coello et al. (2006) shows that these symptoms occur more frequently with a low-fiber diet.

• Feeling of pressure or pain:

Advanced haemorrhoids (grade III or IV) in particular can cause pain and an unpleasant feeling of pressure. According to Schubert et al. (2020), these symptoms are often due to increased pressure in the anal area.

• Swelling and palpable lumps:

In the later stages, enlarged hemorrhoids may be palpable as lumps outside the anal canal. These lumps can sometimes no longer be pushed back and cause additional discomfort.

• Moisture and mucus secretions:

Enlarged hemorrhoids can leak mucus and fluid, which further irritates the skin and increases itching.

Causes and risk factors

The development of hemorrhoids is favored by a combination of anatomical conditions, lifestyle factors and genetic influences. Important risk factors are

• Chronic constipation and heavy straining: Persistent straining during bowel movements strains the vessels in the anal canal and leads to their enlargement (Patel et al., 2019).

• Low-fiber diet: According to Alonso-Coello et al. (2006), a high-fiber diet significantly reduces the risk.

• Pregnancy: During pregnancy, pelvic pressure and hormonal changes increase the likelihood of hemorrhoids (Abramowitz et al., 2014).

• Prolonged sitting and lack of exercise: Lack of exercise and prolonged sitting impair blood circulation and promote the development of haemorrhoids (Loder et al., 2008).

• Age and genetic predisposition: Connective tissue loses elasticity with increasing age. A meta-analysis by Sun et al. (2021) shows that genetic predisposition also plays a significant role.

When should I see a doctor?

Not all symptoms require immediate medical treatment. However, there are clear signs where a visit to the doctor is urgently advisable:

• Frequent or major bleeding.
• Persistent pain or palpable lumps.
• Symptoms that do not subside despite lifestyle changes.
• Additional symptoms such as fever, weight loss or unexplained tiredness.

The German Society of Coloproctology (DGK, 2021) recommends that a rectal examination should always be carried out if symptoms persist or bleeding recurs in order to rule out serious diseases such as bowel cancer.

Treatment options: Modern procedures at a glance

Treatment depends on the severity of the hemorrhoidal disease. In addition to conservative measures, there are a variety of minimally invasive and surgical procedures.

1. conservative measures:

• High-fiber diet: According to Alonso-Coello et al (2006), an increased fiber intake can reduce symptoms by up to 50 %.
• Fluid intake: Regular drinking makes bowel movements easier and reduces pressure on the blood vessels.
• Sitz baths and ointments: Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic preparations can help, especially in the early stages.

2. minimally invasive procedures:

• Rubber band ligature: A proven procedure that is used for grade II and III hemorrhoids. According to MacRae et al. (2004), this method shows long-term success in 80 % of cases.
• Sclerotherapy: The hemorrhoids shrink by injecting a sclerosing agent. This method is particularly effective in the early stages (Sun et al., 2021).

3. surgical options:

• Hemorrhoidectomy: An effective procedure that is performed in advanced stages. A study by Ferguson et al. (2001) shows that over 90% of patients are symptom-free in the long term after a hemorrhoidectomy.

• Stapler hemorrhoidopexy: A modern technique that reduces excess tissue and corrects the position of hemorrhoids (Patel et al., 2019).

4th Rafaelo method:

The Rafaelo method is a new, minimally invasive treatment in which high-frequency radio waves are used to reduce enlarged hemorrhoids.

• Gentle and painless: The treatment is performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia and usually only takes a few minutes.
• Fast recovery: Patients report a short recovery time and minimal restrictions after the procedure.
• High success rate: According to a study by Coloproctology International (2022), over 85% of patients experience significant symptom relief.

Prevention: What can you do to avoid hemorrhoids?

In addition to the treatment of acute complaints, preventive measures play a central role:

• A high-fiber diet: Incorporate fruit, vegetables and wholegrain products into your daily diet.
• Drink enough: At least 2 liters of water or unsweetened teas daily help to soften the stool.
• Regular exercise: Daily walks or moderate exercise promote blood circulation and prevent constipation.
• Change your toilet habits: Avoid pushing hard and sitting on the toilet for long periods of time.

Conclusion

Hemorrhoids are a common problem that can be treated well with early diagnosis and appropriate therapies. The Rafaelo method is an innovative option that enables fast, low-pain treatment. In addition, a healthy lifestyle and preventative measures help to prevent discomfort and improve quality of life.

VenaZiel – Your partner for modern diagnostics and treatment

The team at VenaZiel in Berlin offers you comprehensive advice, modern diagnostics and the latest treatment procedures, including the Rafaelo method. Contact us and benefit from our expertise in proctology and anal comfort.

References:

• Riss S, Weiser FA, Schwameis K, et al. (2012). The Prevalence of Hemorrhoids in Adults. International Journal of Colorectal Disease.
• Alonso-Coello P, Mills E, Heels-Ansdell D, et al. (2006). Fiber for the Treatment of Hemorrhoids Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. American Journal of Gastroenterology.
• Schubert MC, Sridhar S, Kim A, et al. (2020). What Every Gastroenterologist Needs to Know About Common Anorectal Disorders. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
• Sun Z, Migaly J. (2021). Review of Hemorrhoid Disease: Presentation and Management. Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery.
• Loder PB, Kamm MA, Nicholls RJ, et al. (2008). Haemorrhoids: Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. British Medical Journal (BMJ).
• Ferguson JA, Heaton JR. (2001). Closed hemorrhoidectomy. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.
• Patel H, Bagwell CE, Saleeby ER, et al (2019). Advances in Hemorrhoid Treatment: Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy and Beyond. World Journal of Gastroenterology.
• Abramowitz L, Batallan A. (2014). Hemorrhoid Disease: Pathophysiology and Epidemiology. Annals of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
• MacRae HM, McLeod RS. (2004). Comparison of Hemorrhoidal Treatments: A Meta-Analysis. Canadian Journal of Surgery.
• Coloproctology International. (2022). Efficacy and Safety of the Rafaelo Procedure for Hemorrhoid Treatment: A Prospective Multicenter Study.