Umbilical hernia (umbilical hernia): causes, symptoms and modern treatment

What is an umbilical hernia?

An umbilical hernia occurs when a weak point or gap in the tissue around the navel (umbilical ring) causes tissue to bulge outwards from the abdominal cavity. This gap can be congenital or acquired in the course of life.

Important features:

• Localization: Around the navel
• Affected groups: Newborns, adults (often after pregnancy or if overweight)
• Complications: Possible incarceration of parts of the intestine (emergency!)

Causes of an umbilical hernia

1. congenital causes

• • The umbilical ring does not close completely after birth.
  • Common in newborns, especially premature babies.
  • Mostly spontaneous regression up to the age of 2.

2. acquired causes (in adults)

• • Pregnancy (especially multiple pregnancies)
  • Overweight (obesity)
  • Chronic cough (e.g. with COPD)
  • Heavy lifting and physical strain
  • Constipation and heavy pushing during bowel movements
  • Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen (ascites)

Permanent or strong pressure on the abdominal wall can cause the umbilical ring to give way, resulting in an umbilical hernia.

Symptoms of an umbilical hernia

An umbilical hernia can go unnoticed for a long time, especially if the defect is small. However, symptoms can occur as the size increases.

Typical symptoms:

• • Protrusion at or around the navel (visible or palpable, especially when coughing, pressing or standing)
  • Pulling, burning or feeling of pressure in the navel area
  • Pain when straining or lifting heavy loads
  • Regression of the protrusion when lying down (reducible)
  • In case of complications: severe pain, nausea, vomiting, hard palpable fracture – possible incarceration (emergency!)

Diagnosis in the hernia center

An umbilical hernia is diagnosed by experienced specialists at the Hernia Center Berlin at VenaZiel. In addition to a detailed physical examination, we have modern imaging techniques at our disposal.

Diagnostics at a glance:

• Clinical examination: visual examination and palpation
• Ultrasound examination (sonography): Visualization of fracture content and size
• CT/MRI: For unclear findings or recurrent fractures
• Exclusion of other diagnoses such as lipomas or cysts

When should an umbilical hernia be operated on?

Not every umbilical hernia needs to be operated on immediately – in adults, however, the probability of spontaneous healing is very low.

An operation is necessary for

• Complaints and pain
• Larger hernial orifices (usually >1.5-2 cm)
• Risk of incarceration (e.g. in the case of non-reducible fractures)
• Recurrent fractures (reoccurring fractures)
• Cosmetic or functional impairment

Treatment methods for umbilical hernia

Umbilical hernias are usually treated surgically. The surgical method is chosen individually – depending on the size of the hernia and the patient’s personal factors.

1. open surgery

A. Direct seam sealing

• • For small fractures (< 2 cm)
  • Without the use of third-party material
  • Short procedure, often possible on an outpatient basis

B. Mesh implantation

• • For larger or repeated fractures
  • Use of a plastic mesh to reinforce the abdominal wall
  • Significantly reduces the risk of re-breakage
  • Techniques: Sublay, onlay, IPOM (depending on position and findings)

2. minimally invasive (laparoscopic) surgery

• • “Keyhole surgery” via small incisions
  • Mesh insert from the inside (IPOM technique)
  • Less pain, faster recovery
  • Ideal for overweight patients and recurrent hernias

Advantages of treatment at VenaZiel Hernia Center Berlin

• Specialists in hernia surgery with many years of experience
• Modern surgical techniques (open & minimally invasive)
• Individual consultation & therapy planning
• Gentle operations with short downtimes
• Outpatient and inpatient procedures
• Use of high-quality, CE-certified hernia meshes

After the operation: healing & behavior

The healing process depends on the surgical method, the general condition and everyday working life.

Recommendations for the time after the operation:

• Protecting the abdominal muscles for approx. 2-4 weeks
• No lifting of heavy loads (> 5-10 kg) for 6 weeks
• Wear an abdominal belt if required
• Check-ups in our practice
• Sporting activities only after consultation

Complications of an untreated umbilical hernia

An umbilical hernia is not always harmless. Without treatment, it can lead to serious problems:

• Entrapment (incarceration) of intestinal loops
• Intestinal obstruction (ileus)
• Death of tissue (necrosis)
• Inflammations or infections
• Chronic pain

Early medical clarification and, if necessary, surgical treatment is therefore crucial.

Umbilical hernia in children – special features

In newborns and infants, an umbilical hernia often resolves itself. Surgery is only necessary in the following cases:

• Hernia persists beyond the age of 4
• Very large hernial orifices
• Discomfort or pinching
• Aesthetically striking fractures

We work closely with experienced pediatric surgeons to ensure child-friendly care.

Conclusion: Treat umbilical hernia professionally at the Hernia Center

Umbilical hernia is a common but easily treatable condition. At the Hernia Center Berlin at VenaZiel, you will receive precise diagnostics, modern surgical techniques and personal care at the highest medical level. Trust our experience in hernia surgery – for your health, safety and quality of life.

FAQ box – Frequently asked questions about umbilical hernia

1 What is an umbilical hernia?

An umbilical hernia is a gap in the abdominal wall around the navel through which tissue – usually fat or intestine – can escape. The result is a visible or palpable protrusion.

2. does every umbilical hernia need to be operated on?

Not necessarily. Small, symptom-free umbilical hernias in adults can be observed. However, if there is discomfort, growth or risk of incarceration, surgery is recommended.

3. how can I tell if my umbilical hernia is dangerous?

Warning signs are: severe pain, hard swelling, nausea, vomiting or stool retention. These indicate an incarceration and constitute a medical emergency.

4. how long does healing take after the operation?

As a rule, you will be able to work again after 1-3 weeks – depending on the surgical method and occupation. Physically strenuous activities should be avoided for 6 weeks.

5. can umbilical hernias recur after the operation?

Yes, there is a risk of recurrence – especially with unfavorable scar healing or persistent pressure on the abdominal wall. Mesh implantation significantly reduces this risk.

6. is the operation performed on an outpatient or inpatient basis?

Small fractures can be operated on as an outpatient procedure. In the case of larger findings or risk factors, a short inpatient stay is recommended.

7 How much does an umbilical hernia operation cost?

The costs are generally covered by statutory and private health insurance companies. If you require a specific technique (e.g. particularly high-quality mesh), additional payments may be required. We will be happy to advise you.

8. what can I do to avoid another umbilical hernia?

It is important to avoid being overweight, ensure good abdominal muscle tone, avoid heavy lifting, treat chronic coughs and keep the bowels healthy (avoid constipation).