Water retention in the heat: causes, tips and when you should see a doctor
Water retention, also known as oedema, is a common phenomenon that affects many people, especially in summer. This swelling occurs when fluid accumulates in the tissues, usually in the legs and feet. While many cases are harmless and caused by external factors such as heat or prolonged sitting, water retention can also be a sign of serious health problems such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) or heart disease. Summer poses a particular challenge for many people with existing venous disease, as the high temperatures increase the risk of swelling and associated discomfort.
Medically tested by:
Dr. Hamidreza Mahoozi, FEBTS, FCCP
First publication:
October 2, 2024
Updated:
October 14, 2024
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the causes of water retention in the heat, describes preventative measures and explains when a visit to the doctor is necessary. The aim is to provide both laypeople and professionals with well-founded and easy-to-understand information.
Causes of water retention in the heat
Physiological reactions of the body to heat
The human body reacts to heat by dilating the blood vessels (vasodilation) in order to regulate body temperature. This process causes the blood vessels to dilate and the blood flow to slow down, which in turn increases the pressure in the veins. This vasodilation also increases capillary permeability, which means that the small blood vessels become more permeable. This allows more fluid to pass from the vessels into the surrounding tissue, which leads to swelling. This type of fluid accumulation is usually temporary and disappears when the body cools down or is moved.
Connection with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a condition in which the veins in the legs do not function properly. Normally, the venous valves ensure that the blood only flows in one direction – back to the heart. In CVI, however, these valves do not close properly, causing the blood to pool in the legs. These symptoms are particularly aggravated at high temperatures, as the veins dilate further and the return flow of blood to the heart is made even more difficult. This explains why people with varicose veins or other venous problems suffer more from swelling and pain in summer.
Other factors that increase water retention
- Hormonal changes: Hormones such as progesterone, which are increased during pregnancy or by hormonal contraceptives, can dilate the blood vessels and promote the development of oedema. This explains why pregnant women or women taking hormonal preparations are more likely to suffer from swelling.
- Nutrition: A high salt intake can cause the body to retain water, leading to an increase in blood pressure and water retention. A healthy, balanced diet can help to regulate the fluid balance in the body and reduce swelling.
- Standing or sitting for long periods: If you remain in one position for a long time, the return flow of blood to the heart is impeded by gravity. This is particularly problematic for people who travel long distances or have a sedentary job.
- Influence of medication: Some medications, such as antihypertensives or hormone preparations, can cause water retention as a side effect. It is important to discuss these side effects with your doctor in order to find alternative treatment options if necessary.
Symptoms and diagnosis
Typical symptoms of water retention
Water retention usually manifests itself as swelling, which is particularly visible in the ankles and lower legs. The affected areas may feel tight and tense, and there may be a feeling of heaviness or pain. In some cases, the skin over the swollen areas changes – it becomes shiny, red or discolored. It is important to distinguish whether the swelling is sudden and unilateral (potentially dangerous, e.g. in the case of deep vein thrombosis) or bilateral and gradual.
Diagnostic procedure by a phlebologist
- Medical history and physical examination: A phlebologist begins the examination with questions about the patient’s medical history, current symptoms and possible triggers. Factors such as previous family illnesses, lifestyle habits and medication are taken into account.
- Duplex sonography (ultrasound): Duplex sonography is a painless ultrasound procedure that is used to check the function of the veins. The blood circulation in the veins is visualized in order to find out whether deep vein thrombosis (DVT ) or other venous diseases are present.
- Laboratory tests: In some cases, blood tests are necessary to rule out other causes such as kidney, heart or liver disease, which can also lead to water retention.
Tips for preventing and relieving water retention
Compression therapy
Compression stockings are a proven means of promoting venous return and reducing swelling. They exert targeted pressure on the legs, helping the veins to transport blood back to the heart more efficiently. Choosing the right compression class and correct application is crucial to achieve the best possible effect.
Nutrition and hydration
A low-salt diet, combined with adequate fluid intake (at least 2-3 liters of water per day), can help support kidney function and flush out excess fluid. Eating foods rich in antioxidants and vitamins (e.g. C and K) also supports vascular health.
Movement and leg positioning
Regular exercise is one of the most effective ways to promote blood circulation. Simple exercises such as circling the feet or elevating the legs can also help to reduce swelling. It is recommended to elevate the legs several times a day for 20-30 minutes.
Cooling and Kneipp treatments
Cold applications such as foot baths or Kneipp watering are effective methods of relieving swelling and promoting blood circulation. These applications constrict the blood vessels and help to reduce swelling.
When is a visit to the doctor necessary?
It is important to seek medical advice if swelling occurs suddenly and on one side or is accompanied by severe pain and skin changes. These symptoms may indicate serious conditions such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Chronic swelling that persists or worsens over a long period of time should also be investigated by a doctor to rule out heart, kidney or liver disease.
Medical treatment options for water retention
Compression therapy
Compression stockings are the treatment of choice for venous problems. They are available in different classes and strengths and are individually fitted to achieve the best possible effect.
VenaSeal (vein adhesive)
The minimally invasive VenaSeal procedure uses a medical adhesive to permanently seal diseased veins. This improves blood flow and effectively reduces swelling. The advantages are the short recovery time and the option of not wearing compression stockings after the treatment.
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
In radiofrequency ablation, a probe is inserted into the vein, which emits radio waves to heat and seal the vein walls. The procedure is minimally invasive and is performed under local anesthesia.
Endovascular laser ablation (EVLA)
Endovascular laser ablation is another minimally invasive method in which a laser is used to close the diseased veins. The method is effective and is often used in patients with recurrent varicosis or where other treatments are not an option.
Drug therapy
In severe cases, diuretics (dehydrating agents) may be prescribed to remove excess fluid from the body. Venotonic medication that strengthens the vein walls can also be used.
Conclusion
Water retention in the heat is a common problem that can be well controlled by a combination of preventative measures, such as compression therapy and a healthy diet. However, if symptoms persist or are severe, a professional examination is necessary in order to detect possible underlying diseases at an early stage. VenaZiel Berlin offers comprehensive diagnostic and treatment options that are individually tailored to the needs of each patient.
Frequently asked questions about water retention and its treatment
1. what is water retention and why does it occur in the heat?
Water retention, also known as oedema, occurs when fluid accumulates in the tissues. In hot weather, the blood vessels dilate, which slows down the blood flow and promotes the accumulation of fluid in the legs and feet.
2 What are the causes of water retention in the heat?
The main causes are the dilation of blood vessels at high temperatures, hormonal changes, increased salt consumption, prolonged sitting or standing and vein problems such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).
3. how can I prevent water retention in the heat?
Wear compression stockings, drink plenty of water, eat a low-salt diet, exercise regularly and keep your legs elevated. Cold foot baths or Kneipp treatments can also help.
4 When should I go to the doctor if I have water retention?
A visit to the doctor is necessary if the swelling occurs suddenly, on one side or with severe pain and skin changes. This could indicate a serious illness such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
5 What are the treatment options for chronic water retention?
Treatments include compression therapy, minimally invasive procedures such as VenaSeal, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), endovascular laser ablation (EVLA) and, if necessary, diuretics or venotonic medication.
6 What is chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and how is it related to water retention?
CVI occurs when the veins in the legs do not work properly and blood builds up. The symptoms worsen in the heat, as the dilated veins make it more difficult for the blood to flow back, which leads to water retention.
7 Can medication cause water retention?
Yes, certain medications such as antihypertensives or hormonal contraceptives can cause water retention as a side effect. Talk to your doctor about alternative treatment options.